Refer to Appendix C of this publication for an example of the most common runway markings that are found at airports. A basic VFR runway may only have centerline markings and runway numbers. Runway Markings and SignsRunway markings vary depending on the type of operations conducted at the airport. Additional information may be found in Chapter 2, “Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids,” of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). An overview of the most common signs and markings are described on the following pages. All airport markings are painted on the surface, whereas some signs are vertical and some are painted on the surface. It is important for you to know the meanings of the signs, markings, and lights that are used on airports as surface navigational aids. Final Leg: the final approach is where aircraft are lined up with the runway and are getting ready to touch down.There are markings and signs used at airports that provide directions and assist pilots in airport operations.Base Leg: this is the phase of flight where aircraft turn at a right angle from the downwind to head towards the final leg.Air traffic controllers, in this case, vector aircraft on the base leg to ensure there is a safe distance between arriving aircraft. The length of the downwind leg may vary, depending on how busy the airport is. Downwind Leg: this is the phase of flight when aircraft are flying parallel to the runway but in the opposite direction of landing.Use of this procedure will depend on the direction the plane is coming from and the runway in use as well as weather and sequencing requirements. The following is a standard approach procedure used at most airports around the world to safely sequence aircraft arriving from multiple directions. To safely manage and integrate traffic, there are certain requirements – such as lining up with the runway to land – that simply cannot be avoided. NAV CANADA designs approach paths according to Transport Canada-approved criteria. Aircraft operating on Visual Flight Rules are often smaller aircraft and helicopters, and these operators may be responsible for their own separation in accordance with Canadian Aviation Regulations depending on the type of airspace. For example, large passenger aircraft operate under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) where vertical and horizontal spacing between aircraft is required. Different separation standards apply depending on the nature of the operation. ![]() Separation standards applied by air traffic controllers ensure a safe distance is kept between aircraft. Separation Requirements Keeping our skies safe
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